Of the 40 states and the District of Columbia where we are licensed, California has the largest share of residents who are not U.S. citizens: about 12.3 of every 100 residents. New Jersey, at about 10.5, and Texas, at about 10.2, come next. Montana, at about 1.1, and Mississippi, at about 1.4, have the smallest shares. The national figure is about 6.8.
I put this table together as plain Census facts. It says nothing about any person’s status. An ITIN, or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, is a tax ID number that the IRS issues. An ITIN loan is a mortgage for a person who files US taxes with an ITIN instead of a Social Security number.
The table: 40 states and the District of Columbia
“Per 100” means out of every 100 residents of the state, of any age. The margin of error is the Census Bureau’s, at 90 in 100 confidence. The last column counts everyone who was not a U.S. citizen at birth, so it includes naturalized citizens.
| State | Residents who are not U.S. citizens, per 100 residents | Margin of error, per 100 | Foreign-born residents, per 100 residents |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | 12.3 | 0.1 | 27.0 |
| New Jersey | 10.5 | 0.1 | 23.9 |
| Texas | 10.2 | 0.1 | 17.6 |
| Florida | 9.3 | 0.1 | 21.9 |
| Nevada | 8.9 | 0.1 | 19.1 |
| Massachusetts | 8.3 | 0.1 | 18.0 |
| Washington | 7.9 | 0.1 | 15.4 |
| Maryland | 7.5 | 0.1 | 16.6 |
| District of Columbia | 7.4 | 0.3 | 14.3 |
| Connecticut | 7.1 | 0.2 | 15.7 |
| Illinois | 7.0 | 0.1 | 14.7 |
| Hawaii | 7.0 | 0.2 | 17.9 |
| Arizona | 6.7 | 0.1 | 13.0 |
| Georgia | 5.8 | 0.1 | 11.2 |
| Virginia | 5.7 | 0.1 | 13.1 |
| New Mexico | 5.3 | 0.2 | 9.4 |
| North Carolina | 5.2 | 0.1 | 9.1 |
| Colorado | 5.2 | 0.1 | 9.8 |
| Utah | 5.1 | 0.1 | 8.9 |
| Oregon | 5.0 | 0.1 | 9.8 |
| Delaware | 4.9 | 0.3 | 10.7 |
| Kansas | 4.2 | 0.1 | 7.4 |
| Oklahoma | 3.8 | 0.1 | 6.4 |
| Tennessee | 3.7 | 0.1 | 6.1 |
| Indiana | 3.7 | 0.1 | 6.3 |
| Arkansas | 3.6 | 0.1 | 5.4 |
| Minnesota | 3.6 | 0.1 | 8.7 |
| Pennsylvania | 3.4 | 0.1 | 7.7 |
| Iowa | 3.3 | 0.1 | 5.9 |
| Idaho | 3.2 | 0.1 | 5.9 |
| South Carolina | 3.2 | 0.1 | 5.8 |
| Michigan | 3.1 | 0.1 | 7.2 |
| Alaska | 2.9 | 0.2 | 7.7 |
| Louisiana | 2.9 | 0.1 | 4.9 |
| Kentucky | 2.8 | 0.1 | 4.7 |
| Wisconsin | 2.7 | 0.1 | 5.2 |
| Ohio | 2.5 | 0.1 | 5.2 |
| Alabama | 2.4 | 0.1 | 4.0 |
| New Hampshire | 2.4 | 0.1 | 6.1 |
| Mississippi | 1.4 | 0.1 | 2.4 |
| Montana | 1.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 |
| United States, national figure | 6.8 | under 0.1 | 14.1 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B05001, read from data.census.gov on November 6, 2026. Shares and margins worked out by Fidelity Residential.
How the figures were worked out
- Not a U.S. citizen, per 100: residents who answered “not a U.S. citizen,” divided by all residents, times 100.
- Foreign-born, per 100: naturalized U.S. citizens plus residents who are not U.S. citizens, divided by all residents, times 100. Margins for this column are not shown.
- Margins of error: from the Census Bureau’s own margins and its formula for a proportion, so they are approximations. The Census gives the total population no margin.
What the Census measures, and what it does not
- A citizenship question. The survey asks each person to pick one of five answers, from born in the United States to a U.S. citizen by naturalization to not a U.S. citizen. This table uses the last one.
- Not immigration status. The Census says its survey questionnaires do not ask about immigration status, and this table says nothing about the status of any person.
- Not a count of ITIN filers. The Census does not ask who has an ITIN. The table is a count of survey answers, not a measure of who files taxes with an ITIN or who wants a home loan.
- Foreign-born is a Census term. It means not a U.S. citizen at birth. It is not the same as a foreign national loan, which is a different product (see below).
- Five-year averages. These estimates pool 2020 to 2024, not today.
What the table shows
- Three places are at about 10 in 100 or more. California, New Jersey and Texas.
- Nine are below 3 in 100. Alaska, Louisiana, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Ohio, Alabama, New Hampshire, Mississippi and Montana.
- Above and below the nation. Eleven of the 41 are above the national figure of about 6.8 by more than their margins of error, and 28 are below it. Arizona and Hawaii are within their margins of it.
- Counted in residents, California has the most (about 4.84 million), then Texas (about 3.08 million) and Florida (about 2.09 million), of about 22.67 million in the country.
- Foreign-born. Nationally about 14.1 in every 100 residents are foreign-born. California has the largest share of the 41, about 27.0, and Montana and Mississippi the smallest, about 2.3 and 2.4.
- New Jersey is second of the 41 at about 10.5 in 100, about 979,000 residents, above the national figure by more than the margins. About 23.9 in 100 of its residents are foreign-born.
If you file taxes with an ITIN
If you file US taxes with an ITIN and are thinking about buying or refinancing, our page on ITIN loans explains how the programs work and what to prepare. It says an ITIN loan works like any other mortgage: your identity, credit, income, savings and the home are all verified. A foreign national loan is a different product: a business-purpose mortgage on a US rental property for a buyer who lives outside the United States. Our ITIN vs foreign national loan page compares the two. New Jersey readers can also read our page on ITIN mortgages in New Jersey.
Frequently asked questions
Why does the table show 40 states and the District of Columbia?
Fidelity Residential is licensed in 40 states and the District of Columbia, and the table covers those. The national figure covers the whole country.
Does this table count people with an ITIN or tell me anyone’s status?
No. The Census asks whether a person is a U.S. citizen. It does not ask about immigration status or about ITINs, so the table cannot say who has an ITIN, who files taxes or who wants a mortgage.
What is an ITIN mortgage?
A mortgage for a person who files US taxes with an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, issued by the IRS, instead of a Social Security number. It works like any other mortgage: your identity, credit, income, savings and the home are all verified, and the lender makes a good-faith decision that you can repay the loan.
Sources
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B05001, Nativity and Citizenship Status in the United States, states (opens in a new tab), accessed November 6, 2026.
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B05001, Nativity and Citizenship Status in the United States, United States (opens in a new tab), accessed November 6, 2026.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What All Data Users Need to Know (chapter on margins of error for derived estimates) (opens in a new tab), accessed November 6, 2026.
- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey 2024 Subject Definitions (Citizenship Status) (opens in a new tab), accessed November 6, 2026.
Facts from these sources are stated in our own words. Last reviewed .
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